Toninia episema Ramalinaceae
Kiliasia episema # (Toninia episema)

Lichenicolous on the thallus of Aspicilia calcarea
Chemical results: Epithecium greenish-black, K+ green

Found on Aspicilia calcarea on hard limestone

Thallus immersed in host, producing small clusters of initially immersed black apothecia. Spores persistently 1-septate, (9-)10-14 x 3.5-4.5 µm. Pycnidia absent. Microscope photograph below.

Similar: Opegrapha parasitica is also found on Aspicilia calcarea but the spores are 3-septate, 16-22 x 6-8 µm, hyaline becoming brown


Toninia episema


Toninia episema

Microscope photograph
Toninia episema, spores
Toninia episema
On Aspicilia calcarea. Wareham, Dorset. April 2013

All images used are copyright. Please contact me if you find errors.